Ces dernières semaines, on a pu lire dans la presse française plusieurs articles alertant sur l’apparition de nouveaux virus avec la fonte des glaciers, avec le risque de nouvelles pandémies. Il serait temps que nos journalistes se réveillent car il y a longtemps que la presse internationale alerte sur le sujet. J’ai d’ailleurs consacré plusieurs notes sur ce blog aux conséquences sanitaires de la fonte des glaciers et du dégel du permafrost dans les zones arctiques.

On peut lire sur le site web de la chaîne BFMTV que « pour l’heure, les travaux n’ont pas encore révélé combien de virus avaient été identifiés, ni combien d’entre eux sont inconnus de la science. » Il reste certes des zones d’ombre, mais la présence de virus potentiellement dangereux pour l’Homme est une quasi certitude.

In recent weeks, several articles were published in the French press alerting to the appearance of new viruses with the melting of the glaciers, with the risk of new pandemics. It is time for our journalists to wake up because the international press has been warning about this for a long time. I have also devoted several post on this blog to the health consequences of the melting of glaciers and the thawing of permafrost in the Arctic.
One can read on the BFMTV website that « for the time being, research has not yet revealed how many viruses have been identified, nor how many of them are unknown to science. » There are certainly gray areas, but the presence of virus that could be potentially dangerous to humans is almost certain.

In a note written on February 23rd, 2021, I insisted on the thawing of the Arctic permafrost because it has been shown that viruses and other microbes previously frozen could resurface.
Thus, the Spanish Flu virus remained present in corpses buried in Svalbard in 1918. The story is rather chilling :

In September 1918, seven young Norwegian fishermen and farmers embarked for Spitsbergen where they planned to make some money in the coal mines. On board the boat that took them to their destination, they contracted the Spanish fFu virus which killed more than 20 million people during the same year. They died after a few days and were hastily buried in the small cemetery of Longyearbyen.
In August 1997, taking a lot of precautions, a scientific team exhumed the bodies and took samples of tissues from the lungs, the brain and the kidneys. The organs were relatively well preserved, which means that the terrible virus was too! The tissue samples collected were sent to four laboratories in the United States, Canada, England and Norway. Some virologists criticized this operation, which could prove to be dangerous. The virus should not escape into the corridors of a laboratory!
Lab work has revealed that the virus responsible for the Spanish Flu was born from the combination of a human strain (H1), originating from the seasonal flu H1N8, circulating between 1900 and 1917, with avian genes of the N1 type. Thus was born, in 1917 or 1918, a strain H1N1, a distant ancestor of the variant which made the world tremble in 2009, and
10,000 times more virulent. The first wave of Spanish Flu, in the spring of 1918, was not very deadly. The second wave, the following autumnl, due to a probable transfer, proved to be much more aggressive, in particular, among young adults aged 25 to 29.

A team of American and Chinese researchers published on January 7^th, 2020 a study warning about the consequences of global warming. While drilling the Himalayan glaciers over the past 5 years, these scientists extracted two ice cores which allowed them to uncover no less than 33 viruses of which only 5 were known to the scientific world.
According to the scientists’ reports, « the microbes differed considerably across the two ice cores, presumably representing very different climatic conditions at the time of deposition. » Indeed, even though the ice cores both come from the oldest glacier on earth, Guliya in Tibet, they were collected at two different times, in 1992 and 2005. It was therefore necessary to scrape nearly 1.5 cm in order to reach the layer of ice not contaminated by today’s bacteria.
The researchers explain that “in the best of cases, the melting of the ice will make us lose precious microbial and viral data that could tell us about the past climates of our planet. […] In the worst case, global warming could release of new pathogens into our environment. ”

Such a remark must be taken very seriously. As I mention in my conference, in 2016 in Siberia, a 12 year old boy died after contracting anthrax. This disease had not been reported since 1941. The young boy was infected after eating reindeer meat, infected by the absorption of contaminated plants following the melting of permafrost.

Glacier du Rhône dans le Valais (Photo: C. Grandpey)